Atmospheric non-equilibrium planar plasma under magnetic field to form a porous-TiO<sub>2</sub> layer for dye-sensitized solar cells

A porous-TiO2 layer was formed using a non-equilibrium planar plasma under atmospheric pressure. With plasma, which decayed rapidly on the electrode in air, small amount of supplied to titanium–peroxo complex precursor pre-coated substrate during film formation. However, by applying magnetic field spatial distribution expanded reach bulk layer, and oxidation process accelerated nitrogen oxygen mixture gas flow. We found that active N–O species induced high concentration played an important role oxidizing crystallizing anatase TiO2 phase. The employed as binder promote necking between particles form porous layer. dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) fabricated with showed maximum conversion efficiency 3.9 %. Although photovoltaic performance lower than general DSSC, practical plastic is acceptable this low-temperature formation technique, will be developed into convenient tool produce DSSC for daily use.